Anti-Soviet dystopia first published in 1938, after the author had been travelling in Russia during the period of the show trials. Published a decade before Orwell's 1984, it deals with the political use of fear and the millenarianism that underlay secular politics of the time.
Corrado Alvaro's Fear in the World was published a decade before Orwell's 1984, but is not well known outside Italy, perhaps because of the timing of the publication just before the Second World War.