¿ Pest Identification: Educate on identifying common post-harvest insects and diseases that affect stored crops, such as beetles, moths, fungi, and bacteria, to enable early detection and targeted management. ¿ Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Advocate for an integrated approach to post-harvest insect and disease management, combining cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical control methods to minimize reliance on pesticides and reduce environmental impact. ¿ Sanitation Practices: Emphasize the importance of good sanitation practices in post-harvest handling and storage facilities, including cleaning, disinfection, and proper waste management, to prevent insect infestations and disease spread. ¿ Temperature and Humidity Control: Discuss the role of temperature and humidity control in post-harvest storage facilities for inhibiting insect activity and microbial growth, through methods such as refrigeration, controlled atmosphere storage, and moisture management. ¿ Physical Control Measures: Explore physical control measures for managing post-harvest pests and diseases, such as heat treatment, modified atmosphere packaging, hermetic storage, and mechanical barriers, to reduce insect populations and inhibit pathogen growth. ¿ Biological Control: Introduce biological control agents such as parasitoids, predators, and microbial antagonists, which can be used to suppress post-harvest insect pests and diseases in storage environments, offering sustainable and eco-friendly pest management solutions. ¿ Chemical Control: Discuss the judicious use of insecticides, fungicides, and bactericides in post-harvest pest and disease management, highlighting the importance of proper application techniques, pesticide resistance management, and compliance with safety regulations. ¿ Monitoring and Surveillance: Stress the importance of regular monitoring and surveillance of stored crops for signs of insect infestation and disease development, using traps, pheromones, visual inspection, and diagnostic tools to assess pest populations and disease prevalence.