Assessing language proficiency requires a balance of validity, fairness, and cultural sensitivity. Language assessment supports educational placement, progress monitoring, and policy evaluation across diverse contexts. Handbook of Language Assessment provides an extensive overview of theories, tools, and methodologies in testing linguistic competence. The book discusses assessment types—formative, summative, diagnostic, and proficiency-based—along with test design principles and scoring reliability. It also explores digital assessment tools and issues of multilingualism. Combining research and practical application, it serves as a comprehensive reference for language educators, linguists, and policymakers committed to effective and equitable language evaluation.